ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ืžืงืœื—ื•ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืฉืงื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœืคื™ ืžื™ื“ื” ืขื ืคืจื–ื•ืœ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืžื˜, ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืจื—ืฆื” ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™

ืกื•ืคืจ ื’ืœืืก ยท ืžืงืœื—ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช

ืžืงืœื—ื•ื ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืžื™ื“ื”,
ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœื—ื“ืจ ืฉืœื›ื

ืกื•ืคืจ ื’ืœืืก ืžืชื›ื ื ืช, ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ื•ืžืชืงื™ื ื” ืžืงืœื—ื•ื ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืžื™ื“ื” ืžื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืžื—ื•ืกืžืช ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื™ 8 ืž"ืž ืขื ืชื• ืชืงืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™: ืžืงืœื—ื•ื ื™ื ืคื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืžืงืœื—ื•ื ื™ ื—ื–ื™ืช, ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื“ืคื ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืจื—ืฆื” ืฉืœื›ื.

ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช 8 ืž"ืžืชื• ืชืงืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคืœื˜ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื

8 ืž"ืž

ืขื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช

ืžื•ืœ 6 ืž"ืž ื‘ืžืงืœื—ื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™. ื›ื‘ื“ื”, ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื•ืฉืงื˜ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืชื• ืชืงืŸ

ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคืœื˜ืช ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช

ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ืœ ืคืœื˜ื” ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื—ื•ืชืžืช ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื.

10 ืฉื ื™ื

ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื™ืจื™ื

ืฆื™ืจื™ ืคืœื™ื– ืื• ื ื™ืจื•ืกื˜ื”, ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืฉื‘ืจ ื•ื—ืœื•ื“ื”.

10 ืขื“ 14

ื™ืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ

ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืืฆืœื›ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืขื“ ืฉื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื”ืชืงื ื”.

ืกื•ื’ื™ ืžืงืœื—ื•ื ื™ื

ืื™ื–ื” ืžืงืœื—ื•ืŸ ืžืชืื™ื ืœื—ื“ืจ ื”ืจื—ืฆื” ืฉืœื›ื?

ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื ืงื‘ืขืช ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืจืฆืคื” ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ: ืคื™ื ื”, ื ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื”. ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช: ืžืงืœื—ื•ื ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืฆืจื ื• ื•ื”ืชืงื ื•.

ืžืงืœื—ื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืชื™ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ โ€“ ืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ื“ืœืช + ืฆื“ ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ืงื”

ื”ื›ื™ ื ืคื•ืฅ

ืžืงืœื—ื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืชื™

ืžื•ืชืงืŸ ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืฉืœ 90 ืžืขืœื•ืช. ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืื• ืžืœื‘ืŸ, ืขื ื“ืœืช, ืฉืชื™ ื“ืœืชื•ืช ืื• ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ืงื”.

ืžืงืœื—ื•ืŸ ื—ื–ื™ืช ืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ื“ืœืช ื‘ืคืจื–ื•ืœ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืขื ื™ื“ื™ืช ืžื’ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืชืงื ื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ืคืจ ื’ืœืืก

ืžืงืœื—ื•ืŸ ื—ื–ื™ืช

ืกื•ื’ืจ ื ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืงื• ื™ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืงื™ืจื•ืช. ืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ื“ืœืช, ืฉืชื™ ื“ืœืชื•ืช ืื• ื”ื–ื–ื”.

ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ื“ืœืช ืขืœ ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื”, ื”ืชืงื ื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ืคืจ ื’ืœืืก

ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืŸ

ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื”, ื‘ืกื’ื™ืจื” ืžืœืื” ืื• ื—ืœืงื™ืช.

ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ืœืžืงืœื—ืช ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืจื—ืฆื” ืขื ืฉื™ืฉ, ื”ืชืงื ื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ืคืจ ื’ืœืืก

ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืขื”

ืคืชื•ื— ื•ื ืงื™, ื‘ืœื™ ื“ืœืช. ืžืชืื™ื ืœืžืงืœื—ืช ืจื—ื‘ื”.

ืžืงืœื—ื•ืŸ ื—ื–ื™ืช ืขื ืคืจื–ื•ืœ ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ืคืก ื—ืœื‘ื™, ื”ืชืงื ื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ืคืจ ื’ืœืืก

ืคืจื–ื•ืœ ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ืคืก ื—ืœื‘ื™

ืคืจื–ื•ืœ ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื•ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช: ืืงืกื˜ืจื” ืงืœื™ืจ, ืืกื™ื“ ื•ืคืก ื—ืœื‘ื™.

ืฆื™ืจื™ ื ื™ืจื•ืกื˜ื” ืœืžืงืœื—ื•ื ื™ื

ืื‘ื™ื–ืจื™ื ื•ื—ืœืงื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ

ืฆื™ืจื™ื, ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื, ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื, ื’ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืชืœื™ื.

ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ื”ืžืงืœื—ื•ืŸ

ืชื›ื ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืงืœื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื™ื•ืช

ื‘ื—ืจื• ืฆื•ืจื”, ืคืชื™ื—ื”, ืฆื‘ืข ืคืจื–ื•ืœ ื•ืกื•ื’ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช, ื•ืจืื• ืืช ื”ืžืงืœื—ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืชื ื” ืžื•ืœ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ืื˜ืกืืค ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ.

1. ืื™ื–ื” ืžืงืœื—ื•ืŸ?
2. ืื™ืš ื ืคืชื—?
3. ืฆื‘ืข ื”ืคืจื–ื•ืœ
4. ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช
5. ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขืจืš
100 ืก"ืž
90 ืก"ืž
  • ืกื•ื’
  • ืคืชื™ื—ื”
  • ืคืจื–ื•ืœ
  • ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช
  • ืžื™ื“ื•ืช

ื”ืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜ ืœื”ืžื—ืฉื”. ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื ืงื‘ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืืฆืœื›ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ.

ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ืื• ืœืคื™ ืžื™ื“ื”

ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืงืœื—ื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ืœืžืงืœื—ื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืžื™ื“ื”?

ืžืงืœื—ื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงื ื™ื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื“ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœื™ื ื•ืฆื™ืจื™ื ืฉื ืฉื—ืงื™ื. ืžืงืœื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœืคื™ ืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—, ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ื•ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืฉื ื™ื.

ืžืงืœื—ื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ืžื”ืžื“ืฃ

ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ืคืฉืจื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช

6 ืž"ืž

ืžืงืœื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื•ืคืจ ื’ืœืืก

ื ืžื“ื“, ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื•ืžื•ืชืงืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื

8 ืž"ืž

ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“

ืžื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืžืงืœื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืชืงืŸ

1

ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ

ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืจื—ืฆื”, ื•ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื”ื“ื’ื. ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ื•ืœืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช.

2

ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืืฆืœื›ื

ืžื•ื“ื“ ืžื’ื™ืข, ืžื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืขื™ื, ื•ืจืง ืื—ืจื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœื›ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื.

3

ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ื—ื™ืกื•ื

ื—ื™ืชื•ืš, ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ืชื• ืชืงืŸ. ื‘ืขืจืš 10 ืขื“ 14 ื™ืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.

4

ื”ืชืงื ื” ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช

ื”ืชืงื ื” ื ืงื™ื™ื”, 6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงื ื” ื•-10 ืฉื ื™ื ืœืฆื™ืจื™ื.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

ืžื” ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื”

ืœื ืžืฆืืชื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”? ื”ื›ื™ ืžื”ื™ืจ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ื•ื•ืื˜ืกืืค.

ืžืงืœื—ื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ืขืฉื•ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช 6 ืž"ืž ืฉื—ื•ืกืžื” ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ, ืขื ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœื™ ืืœื•ืžื™ื ื™ื•ื ื•ืฆื™ืจื™ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง. ืžืงืœื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœืคื™ ืžื™ื“ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช 8 ืž"ืž ืฉื—ื•ืกืžื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ืชื• ืชืงืŸ, ื•ืฆื™ืจื™ื ืžืคืœื™ื– ืื• ืžื ื™ืจื•ืกื˜ื” ืฉืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืื‘ื ื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ื™ืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืขืžื™ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื•ืจืš ืฉื ื™ื.

ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื•ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื”, ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœื•ืงื— ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ 10 ืขื“ 14 ื™ืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืคืœื˜ื•ืช, ื‘ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช (ืฉืงื•ืคื”, ื—ืœื‘ื™ืช, ืคืกื™ื ืื• ื”ื“ืคืกื”) ื•ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื.

ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื”ืชืงื ื” ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื 6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชืงื ื” ื•-10 ืฉื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื™ืจื™ื ื ื’ื“ ืฉื‘ืจ ื•ื—ืœื•ื“ื”. ื’ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืื˜ื™ืžื” ืžืชื‘ืœื•ืช ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ื›ืœื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืื•ืชืŸ.

ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ืžื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื‘ืชื ื•ืจ ืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืงื™ืจื•ืจ ืžื‘ื•ืงืจ. ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืคื™ 5 ื‘ืขืจืš, ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืฉื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ื ืžืชืคืจืงืช ืœื’ืจื’ืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืจืกื™ืกื™ื ื—ื“ื™ื. ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื“ื•ื— ืื• ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืื•ืชื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช.

ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืจืฆืคืช ื”ืžืงืœื—ืช ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ: ืคื™ื ืชื™ ืื• ื—ื–ื™ืช. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘, ื›ืžื• ืืกืœื”, ืืจื•ืŸ, ื“ืœืช ื•ื—ืœื•ืŸ. ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืืฆืœื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื ื.

ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืฅ, ื‘ืžืœื— ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืชื›ืฉื™ืจ ืœื”ืกืจืช ืื‘ื ื™ืช. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช, ืžื ื’ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื•ื”ืคืจื–ื•ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืงืœื—ืช. ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ืคืจื–ื•ืœ.

ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืžืงืœื—ื•ืŸ ืขื ืฆื™ืจ ืฉื—ื•ืจ

ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื, ืœืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช

ืžืงืœื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื›ื

ืฉืœื—ื• ืœื ื• ื‘ื•ื•ืื˜ืกืืค ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงืœื—ืช ื•ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขืจืš, ื•ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื›ื ืขื ื”ืžืœืฆื” ื•ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื’ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืžื”ืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ.